There are more causes than most people realise. Hormonal contraception (especially the pill or hormonal IUDs) can reduce natural lubrication. Breastfeeding drops oestrogen significantly. High stress, certain antihistamines and antidepressants, and even not drinking enough water can all contribute. It's not just an age thing — it's a hormonal and lifestyle thing.

Yes, massively. Oestrogen is what maintains the moisture and elasticity of vaginal tissue. Any time oestrogen drops — whether from your cycle, contraception, postpartum changes, perimenopause, or menopause — vaginal dryness can follow. It's one of the most direct connections between hormones and vaginal comfort.

A lubricant is designed for use during sex to reduce friction in the moment. A vaginal moisturiser is a longer-term product used regularly (daily or a few times a week) to restore and maintain the hydration of vaginal tissue overall. If you're experiencing dryness day to day — not just during sex — a moisturiser is what you actually need.

Probiotics won't directly replace lost moisture, but they play a supporting role. A healthy Lactobacillus-dominant microbiome produces lactic acid, which helps maintain the vaginal mucosal environment. When the microbiome is balanced, the tissue tends to be healthier and more resilient. So while probiotics aren't a moisturiser, they create the conditions where hydration is better maintained.