It's the community of microorganisms — mostly bacteria — that live in your vagina. In a healthy microbiome, Lactobacillus bacteria dominate and keep the environment slightly acidic, which prevents infections and keeps everything balanced. When that ecosystem is disrupted, it can lead to BV, thrush, odour, irritation, and recurring infections. It's basically your body's first line of defence.

More things than most people realise — antibiotics, hormonal changes (like your period, pregnancy, or menopause), unprotected sex, harsh soaps, scented products, diet, and even stress can all shift your pH. Some women are just naturally more sensitive to these fluctuations than others.

Yes, genuinely. High stress raises cortisol levels, which can suppress immune function and affect the bacterial balance in your body — including your vagina. Diet-wise, a lot of sugar feeds yeast (hello, thrush), while fermented foods and a fibre-rich diet tend to support a healthier microbiome. It's all connected more than we usually think.

The basics go a long way: breathable underwear, pH-balanced cleansing products used externally only, a daily probiotic, staying hydrated, managing stress, and not over-washing. Avoiding synthetic fragrances near your intimate area is also underrated — they're a really common disruptor that most people don't connect to their symptoms.