Written by Ciara Bosch, BHSc Qualified Naturopath, Owner of Nala Naturopathy
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of female contraception inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. In Australia, there are two types available: the copper IUD (non-hormonal) and hormonal IUD (sold as Mirena™ or Kyleena™). For women who experience extremely heavy or painful periods, the IUD can also help reduce bleeding and ease menstrual pain, offering significant relief and improving quality of life. However, what many women don't know is that having an IUD increases your risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
BV is one of the most common vaginal infections and can affect both reproductive and overall health. It happens when the natural balance of bacteria is thrown off as beneficial Lactobacillus species decrease while microbes like Gardnerella vaginalis increase, causing a rise in vaginal pH and disrupting the natural ecosystem of microbes living inside the vagina. This imbalance often leads to changes in vaginal discharge and a distinct odour.
How the IUD Increases Your Risk of BV
Biofilm formation on the device
The IUD acts as a foreign object inside the uterus, which can subtly alter the vaginal environment. BV-associated bacteria can group together and form a sticky protective layer, known as a biofilm, on surfaces like the IUD itself. This makes it harder for the body to clear unwanted bacteria naturally.
Changes to vaginal pH from bleeding
IUDs can cause heavier or prolonged bleeding when first inserted. Because menstrual blood is slightly alkaline, this can raise vaginal pH and allow Gardnerella and other BV-associated bacteria more time to multiply and spread through the vaginal canal, disrupting the natural balance of the bacteria living inside the vagina.
What the Research Says
A 2025 study looked at whether women who use an IUD are more likely to experience vaginal infections compared to those who don't. Researchers reviewed 234 test results from a women's health clinic and found that women with an IUD had higher rates of BV, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea. About one in three IUD users (33.6%) tested positive for BV compared to only 8.5% of women without an IUD. The type of IUD (hormonal or copper) didn't seem to change the risk for BV, however hormonal IUD users were more likely to have multiple infections at once. While the study doesn't prove that IUDs directly cause infections, it suggests they can influence the vaginal environment and may increase the likelihood of vaginal infections.
Does This Mean I Should Avoid IUDs?
While an IUD may increase the risk of BV, this doesn't mean they should be avoided altogether. IUDs remain one of the most effective forms of contraception and can be life changing for women who experience heavy bleeding or severe period pain. If you have an IUD and begin noticing vaginal symptoms such as unusual discharge, a noticeable odour, itching, irritation, or discomfort during intimacy, it's worth speaking with a trusted healthcare practitioner such as your GP or a qualified naturopath.
A naturopath can also arrange a comprehensive vaginal microbiome test to identify whether there's an imbalance or infection contributing to your symptoms and develop a tailored treatment plan specific to your needs. A holistic approach looks at your whole health picture, including nervous system regulation, hormone balance, blood sugar control, immune function, gut health, nutrition, lifestyle habits, and sexual hygiene. Supporting the body as a whole helps to restore balance and reduce the likelihood of recurring vaginal symptoms.
A Little Something for Pinc Wellness Readers
If you're ready to get to the root cause of your vaginal symptoms and understand your body better, I'd love to support you. Mention that you found me through Pinc Wellness when you email nalanaturopathy@outlook.com or message me on Instagram @nala.naturopathy and you'll receive $50 off your first consultation. Together, we can uncover what's driving your symptoms and create a plan to help you feel empowered and comfortable in your body again.
Disclaimer: This article is written by a qualified naturopath and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice and is not a substitute for professional healthcare. If you are experiencing vaginal symptoms, please consult your GP or a qualified healthcare practitioner.
